摘要 :
Multifunctionality of agriculture is with the growing importance in agriculturalpolicies. The main argument behind multifunctionality is that agriculturalproduction and thus, the whole agricultural sector has multiple roles, not j...
展开
Multifunctionality of agriculture is with the growing importance in agriculturalpolicies. The main argument behind multifunctionality is that agriculturalproduction and thus, the whole agricultural sector has multiple roles, not just toproduce food and fiber, but also to provide several non-market commodities.Although agricultural policies in Europe set more and more emphasis on theimportance of these non-commodity outputs it is hard to find policy measuresdesigned directly for multifunctionality. The aim of our study is to find out actualand preferred policy measures in order to improve and/or to maintain themultifunctional role of agriculture. We have interviewed 24 Finnish experts aboutmultifunctional agriculture and agricultural policy related issues, by using appliedpolicy Delphi method. The results show, that a wider role of agriculture is highlyacknowledged among Finnish experts. However, in its broadest definition, noundivided acceptance for the concept of multifunctionality was found. The policymeasures part gives evidence that also the current policy measures included in theEU’s Common Agricultural Policy have elements that improve multifunctionality,especially those in the agri-environmental support scheme. Yet, there is a need fortargeted measures based on different national, regional and local agriculturalconditions. In addition, the implementation of these measures needs morecooperation between different sector policies as well as among the differentoperators in the whole supply chain.
收起
摘要 :
This article presents alternative scenarios for future agriculture in Finland up to 2025. These scenarios are the results of a large Delphi study carried out among Finnish agri-food sector stakeholders. The Delphi panel members ga...
展开
This article presents alternative scenarios for future agriculture in Finland up to 2025. These scenarios are the results of a large Delphi study carried out among Finnish agri-food sector stakeholders. The Delphi panel members gave their future view on desirable and probable futures. From these two dimensions, three scenarios were elaborated through the future images - the subjective future path and the importance analysis. The scenarios represent a technology optimistic "day-dream agriculture", a probable future as "industrialized agriculture" and an undesirable future path as "drifting agriculture". Two mini-scenarios are also presented. They are based on a discontinuity event as an unexpected impact of climate change and an analogy event as an ecological breakdown due to the expansive animal disease epidemics. In both mini-scenarios, the directions of storylines are dramatically changed. The scenarios support strategic planning introducing not only one forecast but alternative outcomes as a basis for future strategy and decisions. In this study the scenarios were constructed to address the opportunities as a desired vision and also the threats as to an undesirable future in the agricultural sector. These results bring to the table a Finnish agri-food expert community view of the future directions of relevant key issues in the agricultural policy agenda..
收起
摘要 :
The Policy Analysis System (POLYSYS) is a national simulation model of the US agriculture sector which can incorporate agricultural supply and demand and related modules to estimate agricultural production response, resource use, ...
展开
The Policy Analysis System (POLYSYS) is a national simulation model of the US agriculture sector which can incorporate agricultural supply and demand and related modules to estimate agricultural production response, resource use, price income, and environmental impacts of projected changes from an agricultural baseline. The framework recursively incorporates linear programming, econometric, and process models to estimate an impact path resulting from changes imposed on a baseline scenario and its underlying assumptions. POLYSYS estimates crop production and supply at a disaggregated regional level, whereby the 48 contiguous states are subdivided into 305 geographic regions with relatively homogeneous production characteristics. POLYSYS is capable of estimating a wide range of policy alternatives and economic and environmental conditions and simulations may be tailored to a variety of specific analytical needs. This paper presents a broad overview of the structure and approach of the POLYSYS model with emphasis on biomass and bioenergy related applications of the model.
收起
摘要 :
This article analyses the interactions between agricultural policy measures in the EU and the factors affecting GHG emissions from agriculture on the one hand, and the adaptation of agriculture to climate change on the other. To t...
展开
This article analyses the interactions between agricultural policy measures in the EU and the factors affecting GHG emissions from agriculture on the one hand, and the adaptation of agriculture to climate change on the other. To this end, the article uses Slovenia as a case study, assessing the extent to which Slovenian agricultural policy is responding to the challenges of climate change. All agricultural policy measures related to the 2007-2013 programming period were analysed according to a new methodological approach that is based on a qualitative (expert evaluation) and a quantitative (budgetary transfers validation) assessment. A panel of experts reached consensus on the key factors through which individual measures affect climate change, in which direction and how significantly. Data on budgetary funds for each measure were used as weights to assess their relative importance. The results show that there are not many measures in (Slovenian) agricultural policy that are directly aimed at reducing GHG emissions from agriculture or at adaptation to climate change. Nevertheless, most affect climate change, and their impact is far from negligible. Current measures have both positive and negative impacts, but overall the positive impacts prevail. Measures that involve many beneficiaries and more budgetary funds had the strongest impact on aggregate assessments. In light of climate change, agricultural policy should pay more attention to measures that are aimed at raising the efficiency of animal production, as it is the principal source of GHG emissions from agriculture.Policy relevanceAgricultural policy must respond to climate challenges and climate change impact assessment must be included in the process of forming European agricultural policy. Agricultural policy measures that contribute to the reduction of emissions and adaptation, whilst acting in synergy with other environmental, economic and social goals, should be promoted. The approach used in this study combines qualitative and quantitative data, yielding an objective assessment of the climate impact of agricultural policy measures and providing policy makers with a tool for either ex ante or ex post evaluations of climate-relevant policy measures.
收起
摘要 :
Prior to Poland's accession to the European Union the Polish government has to present a plan for applying the instruments of the so-called second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 2004--2006. These instruments wil...
展开
Prior to Poland's accession to the European Union the Polish government has to present a plan for applying the instruments of the so-called second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 2004--2006. These instruments will become a part of both the Sectorial Operational Programme (in the part financed from the FEOGA Guidance Section) and the Rural Development Plan (in the part financed from the Guarantee Section). The author of the article analyses the usefulness and purposefulness of applying the individual CAP instruments -- defined in the Council Regulation 1257/99, in the implementation of development policy relating to agriculture and rural areas in Poland, and conditions indispensable to ensure effective application of these instruments.
收起
摘要 :
EU policy makers understand that the impact at the Member State level of a proposed change in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) can determine its political feasibility. The AGMEMOD Partnership has developed a model to analyze t...
展开
EU policy makers understand that the impact at the Member State level of a proposed change in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) can determine its political feasibility. The AGMEMOD Partnership has developed a model to analyze the impact of EU agricultural policy changes at a Member State level of detail. The modeling tool captures the heterogeneity of agricultural systems across the EU Member States, while still maintaining analytical consistency. We use this AGMEMOD 2020 model to simulate a reform of the CAP and then examine the impacts of the policy change for aggregate EU and Member State agricultural commodity markets.
收起
摘要 :
In order to make decisions in either normal (risk) or abnormal (uncertainty) conditions, decision makers have to make use of tools to assist in attempting to make a good decision. The simultaneous application of two methods, scena...
展开
In order to make decisions in either normal (risk) or abnormal (uncertainty) conditions, decision makers have to make use of tools to assist in attempting to make a good decision. The simultaneous application of two methods, scenario thinking and stochastic modeling, facilitates a more complete understanding of the risks and uncertainties pertaining to policy and strategic business decisions in agricultural commodity markets. This is likely to facilitate better decision making in an increasingly turbulent and uncertain environment. Results of such an analysis are generated within the BFAP analytical systems, which incorporates a direct link to the global FAPRI modeling system.
收起
摘要 :
To date, evaluations of direct payments have generally neglected to consider the costs of enforcement and control. However, the question of the degree to which these policy related transaction costs influence the implementation an...
展开
To date, evaluations of direct payments have generally neglected to consider the costs of enforcement and control. However, the question of the degree to which these policy related transaction costs influence the implementation and efficiency of agricultural policy measures is relevant for the development of agricultural policy. An assessment of policy related transaction costs in the cantons Grisons and Zurich (Switzerland) show that these costs amount to approximately CHF 1'100 per farm. The local governments of Grisons and Zurich pay 36 and 38%, respectively. In relation to overall direct payments, the costs are between 1.8 and 2.8%. Thus, today's direct payments system is characterized by a relatively high transfer efficiency. By linking direct payments to the multi-functional services provided by agriculture, it is possible to interpret enforcement and control costs as part of the quality control costs for these services. In turn, this contributes to the credibility of the direct payment system and society's acceptance of the funds used for this purpose..
收起
摘要 :
Recent reforms of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have set in motion a process of increased market orientation in the agricultural sector, a process that will be intensified by trade liberalization if an agre...
展开
Recent reforms of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have set in motion a process of increased market orientation in the agricultural sector, a process that will be intensified by trade liberalization if an agreement is reached under the World Trade Organization (WTO). It is widely expected that both CAP reforms and a WTO agreement will also lead to a more environmentally friendly European agriculture. It is conceivable, however, that market demand would instead provide renewed incentives for intensive agricultural production. Opening European agriculture to more competition in the world market could increase pressure to slacken regulatory requirements on agriculture. Thus, the question of whether liberalization will hinder or promote environmentally sustainable production methods in agriculture is unresolved. This paper analyses different scenarios of agricultural policy development and examines their consequences for the promotion of environmentally sustainable agriculture in the EU.
收起
摘要 :
The papers in this volume highlight the diverse ways that the FAPRI modeling approach has been applied to the differing needs of different countries and policy settings. Some common principles guide FAPRI-affiliated researchers: g...
展开
The papers in this volume highlight the diverse ways that the FAPRI modeling approach has been applied to the differing needs of different countries and policy settings. Some common principles guide FAPRI-affiliated researchers: good analysis requires both good analytical tools and good analysts; cookie-cutter approaches rarely succeed; baselines matter; bigger models are better, to a point; and understanding the audience is as important as understanding markets and policies.
收起
原文获取